Direct and Indirect:

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If 1st person pronoun is in the reporting speech so 1st person pronoun is changed according to the subject of the reporting verb.
If 2nd person pronoun is in the reporting speech so 2nd person pronoun is changed according to the object of the reporting verb.
3rd person pronoun will not be changed.

Assertive Sentences:

Direct           She says, "I take tea in the morning."
Indirect         She says that she takes tea in the morning.

Direct           He says, "I like eggs."
Indirect         He says that he likes eggs.

Direct           They say, "We play football."
Indirect         They say that they play football.

Direct           I say, "I live in karachi."
Indirect         I say that I live in karachi.

Direct           She says, "My daughter is a doctor."
Indirect         She says that her daughter is a doctor.

Direct           He says, " My father is a business man."
Indirect         He says that his father is a business man.

Direct           I say, "My mother is a teacher."
Indirect         I say that my mother is a teacher.

Direct           They say, "Our school is very good."
Indirect         They say that their school is very good.

Direct           I say to her, "you are courageous."
Indirect         I tell her that she is courageous.

Direct           I say to him, "you are clever."
Indirect         I tell him that he is celver.

Direct           She says to me, "you are fat."
Indirect         She tells me that I am fat.

Direct           We say to them, "you are playing well."
Indirect         We tell them that they are playing well.

Direct           She says to us, "your books are here."
Indirect         She tells us that our books are there.

Direct           You say to me,"he works hard"
Indirect         You say to me that he works hard.

Direct           I say to him," she goes to university."
Indirect         I say to him that she goes to university.

Direct           I shall say to her,"he reads the books".
Indirect         I shall say to her that he reads the books.

Direct           They will say to you,"we are drawing the picture.
Indirect         They will say to you that they are drawing the picture.



Assertive Sentences:

 (Tense can’t change because reported speech is a universal truth thought its reporting verb belongs to past tense)


Direct           Teacher said, “Mathematics is a science”
Indirect         Teacher said that mathematics is a science.
      
Direct           My mother said, "Honesty is the best policy."
Indirect         My mother said that honesty is the best policy.

Direct           He said, “Sun rises in east”
Indirect         He said that sun rises in east. 

Direct           She said,"The earth is round."
Indirect         She said that the earth is round.

Direct           I said to you,"The sun is stationary."
Indirect         I said to you that the sun is stationary.

Direct           The religious leader said, "God is one".
Indirect         The religious leader said that God is one.



Tense Change - In - Indirect Speech
Assertive sentences:

Present simple tense into Past simple
Direct           He said to me,"I sing a song".
Indirect         He said to me that he sang a song.


Present Continuous tense into Past continuous
Direct           She said to you,"I am writing a letter".
Indirect         She said to you that she was writing a letter.


Present Perfect tense into Past perfect
Direct           I said to you,"I have eaten food".
Indirect         I said to you that I had eaten food.


Present Perfect Continuous into Past perfect continuous
Direct           He said to me,"I have been sleeping on the bed for two hours.
Indirect         He said to me that he had been sleeping on the bed for two hours.


Past simple into Past Perfect    
Direct           He said to me,"I bought this car".
Indirect         He said to me that he had bought that car.


Past Continuous into Past Perfect Continuous
Direct           I said to him,"You were boiling eggs".
Indirect         I said to him that he had been boiling eggs.


Past Perfect into Past Perfect
Direct           We said to him,"we had left the house".
Indirect         We said to him that we had left the house.


Past Perfect Continuous into Past Perfect Continuous
Direct           He said to me,"I had been waiting of you since 6. O clock".
Indirect         He said to me that he had been waiting of me since 6. O clock.



Future simple, will into would
Direct           We said to them,"we will learn the lesson".
Indirect         We told them that we would learn the lesson.


Future Continuous, will be into would be
Direct           We said to him,"we will be shifting to new home"
Indirect         We said to him that we would be shifting to a new home.


Future Perfect, will have into would have
Direct          I said,"She will have passed the examination".
Indirect        I said that she would have passed the examination.



Future Perfect Countinuous, will have been into would have been
Direct          She said to me,"they will have been taking exercise since 8am."
Indirect        She said to me that they would have been taking exercise since 8am.


Interrogative sentences:

Direct           She said to me,"Do you take exercise daily?"
Indirect         She asked me if I took exercise daily.

Direct            I said to her,"Did you eat lunch?"
Indirect          I asked her if she had eaten lunch.


Wh Questions:

Direct            I said to him,"When will you come karachi?"
Indirect          I asked him when he would come karachi.

Direct            They said to me,"Where are you?"
Indirect          They asked me where I was.
     
Direct            She said to me,"Which is your pen?"
Indirect          She asked me which my pen was.

Direct            We said to her,"Who are you?"
Indirect          We asked her who she was. 

Direct            He said to me,"Why are you going now?"
Indirect          He asked me why I was going then.

Direct            He said to me,"What is he doing?"
Indirect          He asked me what he was doing.



Imperative sentences:

Direct             She said to the peon,"Ring the bell."
Indirect           She ordered the peon to ring the bell.

Direct             I said to my teacher,"Please accept my application."
Indirect           I requested my teacher to accept my application.
    
Direct             The teacher said to us,"Be regular."
Indirect           The teacher advised us to Be regular.
    
Direct             I said to him,"Do not sit on the sofa."
Indirect           I forbad him to sit on the sofa.



Exclamatory sentences:

Direct           They said, "Hurrah! we have won the match."
Indirect         They exclaimed with joy that they had won the match.

Direct            He said, Alas! "My mother has died."
Indirect          He exclaimed with sorrow that his mother had died.



Optative sentences:

Direct           We said to her,"May you succeed!"
Indirect         We prayed her that she might succeed.


Direct           She said to him,"May you live long."
Indirect         She prayed him that he might live long.




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