Definition Of Noun:
A noun is a name of a person, place, thing or an idea.
Example:
a person (Man, Girl, Nurse, Doctor, Pasient, Neighbour, Singer, Cousin, Mother)
a thing (Birds, Animals, Inserts, Buildings, Trees, Months, Days, Festivals, Subjects, Fruits, Spices, Flowers, Nature, Seasons, Weather)
a place (Shop, Room, House, Street, Town, City, Province, Country, Hospital, Resturant, River, Lake, Zoo, Sea)
an idea, quality, or state (Truth, lair, Danger, Birth, Death, Honesty, Happiness, Sadness, Hatred, Jealousy).
Here are some examples of noun used in sentences:
- Rabia is the best doctor in this area.
- Dr,Adnan is my cousin.
- Samina nurse lives in our apartment.
- Shahnaz is my neighbour.
- My mother teaches in the Government School.
- They are patients.
- Spearow flies in the air.
- Cow gives milk.
- There are some ants at this place.
- That building is very beautiful.
- This tree is very old.
- Sunday is a holiday.
- My birthday is on 13th October.
- Rahat Fateh Ali khan received the award on 6 march in 2020.
- English is my favourite subject.
- Karachi has many problems.
- She is scrubbing the oven.
- He speaks the truth.
- You are lair.
- Is her life in danger?
- Neha is taking breakfast.
- Honesty is the best policy.
- My father has own shops.
- Three rooms are in our house.
- I have happiness on your 1st position.
- What is the cause for her sadness?
- Zaibunnisa Street is the main street of Pakistan.
- Razwan celebrated the birth of his first grandson, Rasheed Ali , on 1st may 2009.
- My uncle Professor Dr. Muhammad Anwer died on 5 February 2011.
- You live in Nazimabad.
- We want to go in the Punjab.
- The purpose of life is life of purpose.
- I saw a lot of animals in the zoo.
- He doesn't like bribery. KindsOf Nouns
There are eight kinds of noun. They are common, proper, material, collective, abstract, compound, countable and uncountable nouns.
1- Common Noun:
Definition:
Common noun is a general name of a person, place, thing.
Examples of common noun used in sentences:
- The dog barks.
- Birds fly in the air.
- The man runs in the ground.
- He is sitting on the chair.
- The cat is under the table.
- She is sleeping on the sofa.
- We have three rooms in the house.
- We are working to make website.
- These shoes are mine.
- I am making a bed in a bedroom.
- Aiza Nadeem is in the restaurant.
- My mother is a teacher in school.
- My son likes cartoon.
- We are enjoying in the park.
- You should read this book.
- Adeeb doesn't like lizard.
- Sara is a singer.
- I like very much sea.
- It is very hot day.
- This winter season is very good.
- I always wait for summer season of year.
- He likes Spring season but does not like the autumn season.
- Shangrila lack is a part of Shangrila Resort.
- You can bring a horse to the bank of a river but you can not compel it to take water.
- A child is swimming in the ocean.
- I am a woman.
- Three blankets are in store.
- Rabit eats carrot.
- There are two cockroaches in the bathroom.
- I have one parrot.
- Chocolate is very delishious.
2- Proper Noun:
Definition:
Proper noun is a specific name of a person, place, thing.
Some examples of proper noun used in sentences:
- Dehli is one of the famous cities in India.
- Liaquat Ali Khan was born on 1st October in 1895 in Karnal,India.
- Liquat Ali Khan was the first prime minister of Pakistan and he was also the first Defence minister.
- Liaquat Ali Khan was assassinated on 16 October in 1951 in Rawalpindi.
- Alishba broke the window.
- Quaid-e-Azam is the founder of Pakistan.
- Anosha was weeping yesterday.
- Habib Bank is the largest private Bank of Pakistan.
- I am student of Jinnah University.
- Islamabad is the capital of Pakistan.
- Karachi is very beautiful city
- Alvina is my cousin.
- Areeb want to take mango juice now.
- I love Pakistan.
- Iqra will go to lahore on Monday.
- Alisha always wake up early in the morning.
- Arshia lives in Murree .
- Nosheen can't speak English.
- Asma went for a walk with me.
- She is taking a glass of pepsi.
- Rehan and Alina are playing cricket.
- She writes aticles in the Nawa-i-waqat.
- The Faisal Mosque is the largest mosque in Pakistan.
- The Faisal Mosque was the largest Mosque in the world from 1986 until 1993.
- Resort Hotal is in Skardu , Baltistan.
- Iqbal park is one of the largest urban parks in Pakistan.
- Badshahi Mosque is the second largest Mosque in Pakistan.
- Badshhi Mosque is the seventh largest Mosque in the world.
- Aurangzeb’s Mosque architectural plan is similar to that of his father, Shah Jehan, the Jama Masjid in Delhi.
- Freer Hall is the most important place for tourism in Karachi
- Quail-e-Azam Residency is also called as Ziaral Residency.
- Nazia Hassan was a Pakistani singer, songwriter, lawyer and activist. She was born on 3 April in 1965 in Karachi. She was death on 13 August in 2000. Proper nouns always begin with a capital letter.
3- Material Noun:
Definition:
Material noun is the name of a matter or substance of which anything is made
Examples of material noun:
- Iron is very useful metal.
- That was a building of marbal.
- Zarmisha likes milk.
- He purchased a gold ring for Rania.
- Calcium is good for health.
- We have a lot of silver's pots in our house.
- Plastic is for ordinary use.
- I bake cake of butter.
- We use a lot of water every day.
- Please give me salt.
- Fatma will buy Diamond ring.
- There is some oil in the bottle
- Sarish likes rainy season.
- I use Capri soap.
- This is a glass of steel.
- There is some cement in the store.
- She is washing cloth.
- I have seen in the mirror.
- He wants to eat cheese.
- There is no petrol in the motorcycle.
- I want to buy some papers for test.
- Why do you not like perfume?
- Which shampoo do you use?
- Don't throw the sugar.
- I am kneading flour.
- This boot is made of leather.
- I make biscuits of all purpose flour.
- I have three rubbers in my pouch.
- There is no wheat in home.
- This pan is made of copper.
- Can you bring to buy ghee?
- That pillow is made of cotton.
Definition:
Collective noun denotes a group of person, place or thing.
Some examples of collective noun.
- Amjad goes to work in the campany.
- The enemy of society is middle class and the enemy of life is middle age.
- He has broken a dozen eggs.
- I want to buy some apples from the bazaar.
- Our class will go to the museum tomorrow.
- Our staff is in the staffroom.
- There is a bowl of rice in the Refrigerator.
- Saba teaches in the school.
- They will go to buy a bunch of bananas.
- Professor Ahmad is teaching in the Department of English.
- Where is the basket of fruits.
- Yasmeen and Rabi are in library.
- The audience are happy today.
- This is my family.
- My Aunt lives in a village far from my town.
- A lot of people have come in the party.
- Jinnah University is the first women University in Pakistan.
- There is some troops.
- Army public school is the best school.
- She is in the college.
- I am going to the centre.
- There is no exercise club in their town.
- My mother teaches in the government school.
- There was crowd in that street.
- There is a lot of furniture in our house.
- Mifzal is a good student in his class.
- He gave me a bouquet of flowers.
- Where is staff of employees?
- Police caught a gang of thieves.
- I want to take a cup of tea.
- She eats a slice of bread in the breakfast.
- Can you bring a jag of water.
5- Abstract Noun:
Definition:
Abstract noun is the name of quality, state or action. (We can't see and touch them, we can't smell and hear them, we can't be taste them. we can be only conception.)
Here are some examples of abstract noun used in sentences
- He has a lot of knowledge.
- She speaks the truth.
- Shazia was suffering from cold and fever yesterday.
- I am feeling colic.
- Ahmad was feeling headache yesterday.
- I hope you are a good student in the class.
- Every person should get freedom.
- Thanks for your kindness.
- I am pleasure at this time.
- You can be trust.
- We want to look peace in the karachi city.
- My mother gave me some advice.
- My son is my life.
- Hatred with human being is a bad habit.
- He felt anger with him.
- She has a lot of confidence.
- I am feeling anxiety.
- They have no awareness.
- Someone who has acquired two languages early in childhood that is called early bilingual.
- Marriage is a cage the birds which are in want to come out and the birds which are out want to go in.
- Never trouble trouble till trouble troubles you.
- He has some patience.
- I hate the summer heat.
- Jealousy is an ugly thing.
- She is a girl of great beauty.
- Joy comes after sorrow, like morning after night.
- Perseverance prevails.
- Money can not buy happiness.
- Intelligence without ambition is a bird without wings.
- They can not control their emotions.
Note:
A sentence always starts with a capital letter and end with a fullstop.
6-Compound noun:
Definition: A compound noun contains two or more words which join to gather
to make a single noun.Compound noun has three forms: Close form. Hyphenated form, Open form.
Close form:
Here are some examples of close form used in sentences.
Here are some examples of close form used in sentences.
- I like football.
- I am interested in Sociolinguistics but she is interested in phocholinguistics subjrect.
- Do you have a keyboard.
- I am feeling headache and backache.
- My birthday is on 13 October.
- He is eating seafood.
- My wife has a lot makeup kits.
- I take butter in breakfast.
- A bad worksman quarrels with his tools.
- I am a bookworm.
- We have a softball.
Hyphenated form:
Some examples of hyphenated form used in sentences.
- Your son-in-law is very nice.
- I love my mother-in-law and father-in-law.
- He is six-year-old.
- This is our guest-room.
- That is my bed-room.
- I have done master in English one-year-ago.
- That room is my daughter-in-law.
- He is a commander-in-chief.
- I have written ninety-four quotes in diary.
- I will give you full-time.
Open form:
Here are some examples of open form used in sentences.
- He is a attorney general.
- She is going to post office.
- They belong to lower class.
- We belong to upper class.
- This is very important text book.
- I am writing on white board.
- She is eating food.
- There is no black board in my class.
- I am waiting on the bus stop.
- I don’t have washing mashing.
- I make ice cream.
7-Countable Nouns:
Countable nouns are the nouns which can be counted.
Example:
- There are two chairs in his room.
- Rameen has a dollars.
- There are some eggs in the kitchen.
- Talha and Esha like biscuits.
- Are there any apples in this custard?
- How many stars are there?
- I ate too many sapotas.
- His mother has a blue car.
- There are some kaliries in the cookies.
- Bottles can break at here.
- Can I borrow your stapler?
- Please give me calculator.
- This picture is mine.
- My school name is D.North public school.
- Children are plying in the ground.
- Rabbits eat carrots.
- I have bought a vase of rose flower.
- This is my last decision.
- I studied Govt. Degree College for Women Block -M North Naziamabad Karachi.
- I have done graduation from Karachi University.
- Some tomatoes are in refrigerator.
- Are there any potatoes in fridge.
- Orange is in this season.
- I am watching T.v.
- I was making stowbery juice.
- We ordered one pizza home delivery on Sunday.
- I am betting butter, sugar ,eggs , baking power and refined flour for cake.
- We have bought blender, beater and ice cream maker.
- I like mangoes , guavas and bananas.
- My son eats cheeries.
- I will make turnip’s curry and raddish’s halwa.
- I am cutting beet.
8-Uncountable Nouns:
Uncountable nouns are the nouns which can not be counted.
Example:
- There is a lot of flour in the jar.
- I don't have a money.
- There is some jam in the bottle.
- There is not any ice cream in the fridge.
- There is not any oil for the making food.
- My teacher gave me too much homework.
- She doesn't take breakfast without butter.
- I am making rice with curry today.
- He took too much coffee.
- We take a lot of water everyday.
- I make bodi and masu of Bengal gram flour or chickpea flour.
- She has too much hair.
- We can't live without oxygen.
- She likes vermicelli.
- My son eats semolina.
- I want to take corn flacks.
- Sometime, I make loaf of maize flour and sometime pearl millet flour.
- He has a bad behaviour.
- Asad likes seafood with rice.
- I made soup yesterday.
- Can I help you?
- Do you have any information?
- I am going to take tea.
- There is no sugar in juice.
- I am going to put clove, cardamom, red chilli, black paper, caraway seed, turmeric, coriander seed, cinnamon, cumin seed, and salt in the curry.
- My mother will go to buy pine nuts, peanuts, walnuts, cashewnuts, raisins, pistachios, almonds, and figs from Sadar bazar.
- I have made Zarda of long grain rice.
- Hania likes chickpeas.
- They want to eat split begal gram.
- She will buy white kidney, black eye beans, black gram split, and red gram or pigeon pea.
- When I make haleem so ,I put red lentils split , brown lentil, green gram split, and green gram whole.
- I am eating Bengal gram with loafs
Number:
Adding 's' to the singular noun to make a plural.
Actor - Actors
Aeroplane-Aeroplanes
Age - Ages
Agent. - Agents
Animal - Animals
Answer - Answers
Ant - Ants
Apple. - Apples
Arm. - Arms
Attack - Attacks
Aunt. - Aunts
Author - Authors
Axe. - Axes
Bag. - Bags
Ball. - Balls
Bamboo. - Bamboos
Boy - Boys
Basket - Baskets
Bath - Baths
Bath-room - Bath-rooms
Battle - Battles
Bed - Beds
Bed-room. - Bed-rooms
Begger -Beggers
Belief -Beliefs
Bell - Bells
Berth - Berths
Bicycle -Bicycles
Bird -Birds
Boat -Boats
Bomb -Bombs
Bone -Bones
Bottle -Bottles
Brid -Brides
Bride-groom -Bride-grooms
Bridge. - Bridges
Broom -Brooms
Brother - Brothers
Brother-in-low - Brothers-in-low
Camel - Camels
Camera - Cameras
Cap - Caps
Cap-seller - Cap-sellers
Captain Captains
Carriage - Carriages
Cart - Carts
Cat. -Cat
Chief. - Chiefs
Chair -Chairs
Class-room - Class-rooms
Class-fellow - Class-fellows
Class-teacher - Class-teachers
Clock. -Clocks
Clock-tower. - Clock-towers
Cloth. - Cloths
Cloth-merchant - Cloth-merchants
Cloud - Clouds
Colour - Colours
Comb - Combs
Commander-in-chief - Commanders-in-chief
Cook - Cooks
Cow - Cows
Crow - Crows
Crowd -Crowds
Crown - Crowns
Cuckoo - Cuckoos
Cup -Cups
Doctor -Doctors
Daughter - Daughters
Daughter-in-low -Daughters-in-low
Day - Days
Desk - Desks
Die - Dies
Donkey - Donkeys
Dozen - Dozens
Eagle - Eagles
Ear - Ears
Egg - Eggs
Example -Examples
Face -Faces
Farmer - Farmers
Father - Fathers
Father-in low -Fathers-in-low
Formula -Formulas
Fort - Forts
Game -Games
Garson - Gardons
Gate -Gates
Giant -Giants
Girl -Girls
Goat -Goats
Governor -Governors
Grief -Griefs
Group - Groups
Gulf -Gulfs
Gun - Guns
Hall -Halls
Hand -Hands
Handcuff -Handcuffs
Handful -Handfuls
Handle -Handles
Head -Heads
Headmaster -Headmasters
Hen -Hens
Hill -Hills
Holiday - Holidays
Hoof -Hoofs
Hope -Hopes
Horn -Horns
Hour -Hours
Hut -Huts
Ink -Inks
Ink pot -Inkpots
Journey -Journeys
Judge -Judges
Jug -Juds
Key -Keys
Kite -Kites
Knee -Knees
Lad -Lads
Law - Laws
Lesson -Lessons
Letter - letters
Lion - Lions
Lip -Lips
Lip-stick -Lip-sticks
List - Lists
Loafer - loafers
Lock - locks
Liker - Lokers
Locker-on - Lokers-on
Maid -Maids
Maid-servant -Maid-servants
Minute -Minutes
Master - Masters
Meating - Meatings
Mischief - Mischiefs
Merchant -Merchants
Miss Arif -Miss-Arifs
Mistake - Mistakes
Monkey -Monkeys
Morning -Mornings
Mother -Mothers
Mother-in-law -Mothers-in-law
Mountain - Mountains
Mosque -Mosques
Mouth - Mouths
Mr -Mrs
Nail - Nails
Name -Names
Nation -Nations
Newspaper -Newspapers
Nose -Noses
Nurse -Nurses
Office - Offices
Officer - Officers
Orange -Oranges
Owl -Owls
Pain -Pains
Pair -Pairs
Palace -Palaces
Paper -Papers
Passenger -Passengers
Passer-by -Passers-by
Pea-cock -Pea-cocks
Pen - Pens
Pencil -Pencils
People -Peoples
Photo -Photos
Picture -Pictures
Piece -Pieces
Plant -Plants
Plate -Plates
Pocket -Pockets
Prince -Princes
Prison -prisons
Prisoner -Prisoners
Promise -Promises
Proof -Proofs
Quarter -Quaters
Result -Results
River - Rivers
Road - Roads
Robber -Robbers
Rock - Rocks
Roof -Roofs
Room -Rooms
Rule - Rules
Relative -Relatives
Safe - Safes
Scaf -Scafs
Score -Scores
Sea - Seas
Second -Seconds
Ship - Ships
Shirt -Shirts
Sister -Sisters
Sister-in-law -Sisters-in-law
Soldier -Soldiers
Son -Sons
Son-in-law - Sons-in-law
Spoon -Spoons
Subject -Subjects
Star -Stars
Station -Stations
Step -Steps
Stick -Sticks
Student -Students
Storey -Storeys
Stream -Streams
Table -Tables
Tailor -Tailors
Teacher -Teachers
Tear -Tears
Ticket -Tickets
Town -Towns
Toy -Toys
Train -Trains
Traveller -Travellers
Trainer -Trainers
Umbrella - Umbrellas
Umpire - Umpires
Valley -Valleys
Village - Villages
Villager -Villagers
Voice - Vioces
Vote - Votes
Voter - Voters
Wall - Walls
Want - Wants
War -Wars
Week -Weeks
Wheel -Wheels
Widow -Widows
Wizard -Wizards
Year -Years
Zebra -Zabras
Adding ‘s’ to the singular noun to make a plural for the sea species.
Shark -Sharks
Sardine -Sardines
Trout -Trouts
Adding ‘ ‘s ’to the singular noun to make a plural.
A - A’s
B.A - B.A’s
B - B’s
Making plural of a noun ending with letter um, on by adding ‘a’ to the singular noun.
Addendum - Addenda
Bacterium - Bacteria
Curriculum - Curricula
Criterion - Criteria
Datum - Data
Memorandum- Memoranda
Medium - Media
Phenomenon - Phenomena
Making plural of a noun ending with letter us by adding ‘ i ’ to the singular noun.
Alumnus - Alumni
Cactus - Cacti
Fucus - Foci
Fungus - Fungi
Nucleus - Nuclei
Radius - Radii
Syllabus - Syllabi
Making plural of a noun ending with letter ss,th,o,s, sh, ch, x by adding 'es' to the singular noun.
Ass -Asses
Bench -Benches
Bus -Buses
Box - Boxes
Branch - Branches
Brush -Brushes
Buffalo -Buffaloes
Bush -Bushes
Church -Churches
Class -Classes
Cloth -Clothes
Dish -Dishes
Echo - Echoes
Fish -Fishes
Glass -Glasses
Hero -Heroes
Mango -Mangoes
Match -Matches
Miss Arif -Misses-Arif
Mosquito - Mosquitoes
Negro -Negroes
Pitch -pitches
Photo -Photoes
Princess -Princesses
Potato -Potatoes
Syllabus -Syllabuses
Tomato -Tomatoes
Volcano -Volcanoes
Witch -Whiches
Wish -Wishes
Watch -Watches
Making plural of a noun ending with letter o after a consonant by adding 'es' to the singular noun.
Buffalo -Buffaloes
Echo -Echoes
Hero – Heroes
Mango - Mangoes
Mosquito -Mosquitoes
Negro -Negroes
Photo -Photoes
Potato -Potatoes
Tomato – Tomatoes
Volcano -Volcanoes
Making plural of a noun ending with letter o after a vowel (a,e,i,o,u) by adding 's' to the singular noun.
Bamboo - Bamboos
Cuckoo -Cuckoos
Radio -Radios
Studio – Studios
Portfolio – PortfoliosCalf - Calves
Elf - Elves
Half - Halves
Hoof - Hooves
Housewife -Housewives
Knife – Knives
Leaf – Leaves
Life – Lives
Loaf - Loaves
Scarf - Scarves
Shelf –Shelves
Chief - Chieves
Wife -Wives
Wolf - Wolves
Making plural of a noun ending with letter f and fe
by adding 's' to the singular noun.
Belief - Beliefs
Chief - Chiefs
Hoof - Hoofs
Miss Arif -Miss-Arifs
Proof -Proofs
Roof – Roofs
Scarf -Scarfs
Making plural of a noun ending with letter y after a consonant by adding 'ies' to the singular noun.
Army -Armies
Baby -Babies
Beauty -Beauties
Body -Bodies
Cherry – Cherries
City -Coties
Company -Companies
Copy -Copies
Country -Counties
Cry -Cries
Family -Families
Fly -Flies
Lady -Ladies
Library -Libraries
Lorry -Lorries
Penny -Pennies
Pony -Ponies
Sky -Skies
Story Stories
Strawberry -Strawberries
Making plural of a noun ending with letter y after a vowel (a,e,i,o,u) by adding 's' to the singular noun.
Boy – Boys
Day -Days
Donkey -Donkeys
Holiday -Holidays
Journey -Journeys
Key -Keys
Monkey -Monkeys
Storey -Storeys
Valley -Valleys
Toy – Toys
Making plural replacing inside vowel of a noun.
Analysis -Analyses
Boatman - Boatmen
Coachman -Coachmen
Crisis -Crises
Diagnosis -Diagnoses
Gentleman -Gentlemen
Goose -Geese
Man -Men
Man-servant - Men-servant
Oasis -Oases
Thesis -Theses
Tooth -Teeth
Watch-man -Watch-Men
Woman -Women
Some nouns have the same singular and plural forms.
Aircraft -Aircraft
Cattle -Cattle
Deer – Deer
Dice - Dice
Dozen - Dozen
Fish - Fish
Food - Food
Formula - Formula
Hair – Hair
Milk – Milk
Money - Money
News - News
Paisa - Pasia
Score - Score
Series - Series
Sheep - Sheep
Species – Species
Widower - Widower
Example:
- He has a sheep.
- I saw a deer in the zoo.
Athletics – Athletics
Billiards – Billiards
Darts - Darts
Linguictics - Linguictics
News - News
Example:
- The news is at 9 o'clock.
- Athletics is good for young people.
- Linguistics is the study of language.
- Darts is a popular game in England.
- Billiards is played all over the world
Some nouns have a plural form and take a plural verb.
Glasses – Glasses
Jeans – Jeans
Trousers -Trousers
Example
- These glasses are her.
- His jeans are blue.
- Your trousers are too tight.
Some nouns have different plural forms.
Child - Children
Datum - Data
Louse – Lice
Mouse - Mice
Mrs - Mesdames
Ox - Oxen
Person -People
Gender Nouns:
Gender is a system of differentiating nouns and pronouns as Masculine , Feminine, Common and Neuter.
Masculine Gender:
A noun that denotes a male is called a masculine gender.
Examples: Boy, Father, Son, Husband, Nephew, Father-in-law,
King, Cock,Tiger, lion,Bull.
Feminine Gender:
A noun that denotes a female is called a feminine gender.
Examples: Girl, Mother, Daughter, Wife, Niece, Mothr-in-law, Queen, Hen, Tigress, lioness, Cow.
A noun that denotes a gender that is either a male or a female is called as common gender.
Examples: Child, Parent, Teacher, Student, Friend, Neighbour, Passenger, People, Person, Police, Servant, Crowd, Cousin.
There are some ways of forming feminine nouns.
By using an entirely different word as,
Masculine Feminine
Bachelor Maid
Badger (boar) Sow
Bear (boar) Sow
Boy Girl
Brother Sister
Buck Doe
Bullock Heifer/Cow
Bull Cow
Bull-elephant Cow-elephant
Cock Hen
Colt (young horse) Filly
Czar Czarina
Dad Mum
Daddy Mammy
Dog Bitch
Donkey Jenny
Drake Duck
Drone Bee
Duke Duchess
Father Mother
Father-in-law Mother-in-law
Fisherman Fishwife
Fox Vixen
Gentleman Lady
Grand-father Grand-Mother
Grand-son Grand-daughter
Hart Row
He-goat She-goat
He wolf She-wolf
Hedgehog( boar) Sow
Hero Heroine
Horse Mare
Husband Wife
Jack-ass Jinny-ass
King Queen
Lad Lass
Landlord Lardlady
Lord Lady
Male Female
Manservant Maidservant
Master Miss
Milkman Milkmaid
Monk Nun
Mr Mrs
Nephew Niece
Ox Cow
Papa Mama
Pea-cock Pea-Hen
Pig(boar) Sow
Prosecutor Prosecutrix
Ram Ewe
Rooster Hen
Sir Madam
Sheep Ewe
Son Daughter
Son-in-law Daughter-in-law
Stag Hind
Stallion Mare
Step-brother Step-sister
Step-father Step-mother
Step-son Step-daughter
Swan Nymph
Tailor Seamstress
Uncle Aunt
Wizard Witch
By placing some letters before or after the masculine gender.
Bride-groom Bride
Doctor Lady-doctor
Fiance Fiancee
Hero Heroine
Man Woman
Police-man Police-Woman
Postman Postwoman
Servant Maid-servant
Washer-man Washer-Woman
Widower Widow
By adding a syllable ess.
Author Authoress
Count Countess
Giant Giantess
Heir Heiress
Host Hostess
Leopard Leopardess
Lion Lioness
Manager Manageress
Mayor Mayoress
Millionaire Millionairess
Poet Postess
Prophet Prophetess
Steward Stewardess
Shepherd Shepherdess
By adding ess after dropping the vowel of the masculine gender.
Actor Actress
Conductor Conductress
Headmaster Headmistress
Hunter Huntress
Instructor Instructress
Master Mistress
Monitor Monitress
Negro Negress
Postmaster Postmistress
Proprietor Proprietress
Protector. Protectress
Tiger Tigress
Waiter Waitress
Sometimes the spelling of the masculine gender noun is changed before adding ess.
Emperor Empress
God Goddess
Governor Governess
Murderer Murderess
Priest Prietess
By adding a syllable ss.
Prince Princess
Duke Duchess